Catalog Number
ACMA00014359
Product Name
Polyacrylic Acid
Category
Glass Additives; Polymers
Description
Acrylic acid is a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor. Flash point 130°F. Boiling point 286°F. Freezing point 53°F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause polymerization. If polymerization takes place in a closed container, violent rupture may occur. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces the tendency to polymerize.;Acrylic acid, [waste] appears as a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor. Combustible. Flash point 130°F. Boiling point 286°F. Freezing point 121°F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. May polymerize under prolonged exposure to fire or heat. If polymerization occurs in a container violent rupture may occur. Generally shipped with an inhibitor such as hydroquinone to prevent polymerization.;Liquid;Liquid;COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.;Colorless liquid or solid (below 55°F) with a distinctive, acrid odor.;Colorless liquid or solid (below 55°F) with a distinctive, acrid odor. [Note: Shipped with an inhibitor (e.g., hydroquinone) since it readily polymerizes.]
IUPAC Name
prop-2-enoic acid
Molecular Weight
72.06g/mol
Molecular Formula
C3H4O2;CH2=CHCOOH;C3H4O2
Canonical SMILES
C=CC(=O)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H4O2/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5)
InChI Key
NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point
286 °F at 760 mm Hg (NTP, 1992);286 °F at 760 mm Hg (NIOSH, 2016);141.2 °C;142 °C;141 °C;286°F;286°F
Melting Point
55 °F (NTP, 1992);55 °F (NIOSH, 2016);13.5 °C;13.56 °C;13°C;14 °C;55°F;55°F
Flash Point
130 °F (NTP, 1992);121 °F (NIOSH, 2016);54 °C (open cup);122 °F (50 °C) (open cup);48-55 °C c.c.;121°F;121°F
Density
1.0497 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999);1.05 (NIOSH, 2016);1.0511 g/cu cm at 20 °C;1.54 g/mL at 25 °C/4 °C;Relative density (water = 1): 1.05;1.05;1.05
Solubility
greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 63° F (NTP, 1992);Miscible (NIOSH, 2016);13.88 M;Miscible with alcohol, and ether;Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride;Miscible with chloroform;Miscible with water /1X10+6 mg/L/ at 25 °C;Soluble in methanol, ethanol, dioxane, dimethylformamide, 2-propanol, formamide, ethylene glycol, and acetic acid;Soluble in water;1000 mg/mL;Solubility in water: miscible;Miscible
Application
Polyacrylic Acid (PAA), commonly referred to as Carbomer, serves multiple roles due to its exceptional characteristics. These synthetic, high molecular weight polymers of acrylic acid are available as white, fluffy powders and are known for their ability to absorb, retain water, and swell significantly. In an aqueous solution, especially at neutral pH, PAA behaves as an anionic polymer, acquiring a negative charge that transforms it into a polyelectrolyte. This property makes it incredibly useful in various applications, such as in disposable diapers, ion exchange resins, and adhesives. Beyond its applications in absorbing and retaining moisture, PAA is extensively used as a thickening, dispersing, suspending, and emulsifying agent across industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and paints. In pharmaceutical formulations, polyacrylic acid acts as a rheology modifier in creams, gels, lotions, and ointments designated for ophthalmic, rectal, topical, and vaginal applications. Furthermore, its role as a controlled release agent and binder in tablet formulations is notable, where lightly crosslinked versions efficiently manage drug release. PAA is also utilized in innovative drug delivery systems, such as sustained-release matrix beads and bioadhesives. Its versatility extends to cosmetics, where it enhances viscosity, and therapeutically, as it has been shown to alleviate symptoms in moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome.
Color/Form
Acrid liquid;Liquid;Colorless liquid;Colorless liquid or solid (below 55 degrees F)
Corrosivity
Corrosive to metals
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
EC Number
201-177-9;618-347-7;611-106-7;616-286-0
Heat of Vaporization
10,955.1 gcal/gmole
Log P
0.35 (LogP);log Kow = 0.35;0.35;0.36 (estimated)
MeSH Entry Terms
2-propenoic acid;acrylate;acrylic acid;acrylic acid, aluminum salt;acrylic acid, ammonium salt;acrylic acid, Ca (2:1) salt;acrylic acid, Ca (2:1) salt, dihydrate;acrylic acid, cobalt (2+) salt;acrylic acid, Fe (3+) salt;acrylic acid, magnesium salt;acrylic acid, potassium salt;acrylic acid, silver salt;acrylic acid, sodium salt;acrylic acid, zinc salt;Hystoacril;magnesium acrylate;vinylformic acid
Monoisotopic Mass
72.021129g/mol
NSC Number
165257;114472;112123;112122;106037;106036;106035;106034;226569;4765
Odor
Acrid odor and fumes;Quality: rancid, sweet; hedonic tone: unpleasant;Distinctive, acrid odor
Other Experimental
Polymerizes readily in the presence of oxygen;Corrosive liquid;BP: 122.0 °C at 400 mm Hg; 103.3 °C at 200 mm Hg; 86.1 °C at 100 mm Hg; 66.2 °C at 40 mm Hg; 39.0 °C at 10 mm Hg; 27.3 °C at 5 mm Hg;1 ppm in air = 3 mg/cu m;Heat of Fusion: 9.51 kJ/mol at 12.5 °C;Activated carbon adsorbability: 0.129 g/g carbon;Saturated concentration in air: 12.6 g/cu m at 20 °C, 22.8 g/cu m at 30 °C;Ratio of specific heats of vapor: 1.121; Heat of polymerization: -463 BTU/lb= -257 cal/g= -10.8X10+5 J/kg; Reid vapor pressure: 0.2 psia;Liquid heat capacity: 0.460 BTU/lb-F at 106 °F; Saturated vapor density: 0.00106 lb/cu ft at 70 °F; Ideal gas heat capacity: 0.257 BTU/lb-F at 75 °F;Bulk density: 8.6 lb/gal at 20 °C;Henry's Law constant = 3.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est);Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.75X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C;Ozone reaction rate constant = 6.5X10-19 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C;Glass transition temperature: 106-126 °C; decomposes above 250 °C, liberating carbon dioxide;Hygroscopic; forms clumps when added to water
Refractive Index
Index of refraction: 1.4224 at 20 °C/D;Index of refraction: 1.4185 at 25 °C;Index of refraction = 1.544 at 25 °C
RTECS Number
AS4375000;AT4680000
Stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions. Contains the following stabilizer(s): Mequinol (>/=0.018 -
UN Number
2218;2218;2218;2218;2218;2218
Vapor Density
2.5 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air);2.5 (Air = 1);Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.5
Vapor Pressure
3.2 mm Hg at 68 °F ; 5 mm Hg at 81.1° F (NTP, 1992);3 mm Hg (NIOSH, 2016);3.97 mmHg;3.97 mm Hg at 25 °C;Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 413;3 mmHg;3 mmHg
