Molecular Conductors - Materials / Alfa Chemistry

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Molecular Conductors

With the development of high technology, such as electronic industry, computer industry and energy industry, the social demands for conductive materials is increasing. Molecular conductor is a kind of important conductive material, which has been widely used in the development of many fields due to the advantages of light weight, environmentally friendly and strong designability.

Applications:

Conductive materials field: First, molecular conductors can be used as power transmission materials. For example, polyacetylene can be as conductive as copper in the doping state. Second, molecular conductors can be designed to functional materials by taking advantage of the unique properties. For example, pressurized conductive rubber, which shows conductivity only under pressure, can be used as explosion-proof switch, medical electrode, heating element and others. Finally, molecular conductors can be made into color or colorless light conductive film, which can be applied as substrates for electronic materials.

Molecular Conductors Figure 1. The molecular structure of pressurized conductive rubber.

Battery materials field: Molecular conductors have the advantages of rich sources, non-pollution and high energy density, which is of great significance for the development of rechargeable batteries. It can be designed as cathode material or anode material.

Molecular Conductors Figure 2. An example of molecular conductor applied as battery material.

Electromagnetic shielding material field: With the rapid increase of commercial and household electronic products, electromagnetic interference has become a new public hazard. Using molecular conductors designed electromagnetic shielding materials as the outer shell of instrument can effectively shield electromagnetic radiation.

Molecular Conductors Figure 3. Electromagnetic shielding material designed by molecular conductor.

The others: With the unique properties and advantages of molecular conductor, it can also be applied in the display field, electronic devices, organic field effect transistor (OFET) and others. For example, light emitting diodes can be made by molecular conductor, which is color adjustable, flexible, large area and low cost.

Molecular Conductors Figure 4. Organic field effect transistor (OFET) designed by molecular conductor.

Classification:

Molecular conductors can be divided into inorganic and polymer conductors.

Inorganic molecular conductors: Inorganic molecular conductors mainly include carbon, ion and metal oxidation molecular conductors.

1. Carbon molecular conductors: carbon molecular conductors mainly include graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), bamboo charcoal and others, which have the advantages of high strength, high elasticity, lubricity and heat resistance and thermal conductivity.

2. Metal oxidation molecular conductors: Metal oxidation molecular conductors mainly include zinc oxide doped with aluminum (ZAO), lanthanum doped with calcium chromate and tin dioxide doped with antimony (ATO). With the advantages of good chemical stability, moderate cost, this type of material is commonly used in industrial automobile production, construction and other fields.

Polymer molecular conductors: Polymer molecular conductors generally are doped with inorganic or organic materials to improve the electrical conductivity.

1. Composite polymer molecular conductors: Composite polymer molecular conductors are obtained by dispersion polymerization, lamination composite or filling composite, which includes inorganic and organic composite conductive molecular.

2. Structural polymer molecular conductors: Structural polymer molecular conductor refers to the polymer material which has the conductivity capability due to the ion transition, electron conjugation or doping. With the advantages of corrosion resistance, low density, good conductivity, easy processing, high elasticity, they can be used in the production of computer displays, stealth high-tech materials, solar materials and others.

Reference:

Yun-HI Kim, Kwon S K. Synthesis of a novel highly conjugated conducting polymer[J]. Journal of Polymer ence Part A Polymer Chemistry, 1998, 36(6):949-953.

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