Application
Aluminum chloride serves as a critical catalyst in various industrial applications due to its strong Lewis acid properties. This highly reactive, noncombustible compound is primarily utilized in the Friedel-Crafts reactions for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Its ability to accept electron pairs facilitates the acylation of aromatic rings, which is vital in producing substances like ethylbenzene, an essential precursor for styrene manufacturing. Apart from its role in organic synthesis, aluminum chloride is instrumental in the petroleum industry for the isomerization of hydrocarbons and is employed in producing compounds like anthraquinone and dodecylbenzene, used in dyes and detergents, respectively. Its reactivity extends to interactions with hydrides, forming complex aluminates, and iron catalysts in the cracking of petroleum. However, caution is necessary when handling aluminum chloride due to its violent reaction with water, releasing hydrochloric acid vapors.