High purity gold - Materials / Alfa Chemistry

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High purity gold

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ACMA00021080

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High purity gold

Commercial Applications of Gold

Industrial Demand for Gold Corti, Christopher W., and Richard J. Holliday. Gold Bulletin 37 (2004): 20-26.

Increases in industrial demand for gold will only be possible through the emergence of new applications, perhaps most notably in five broad market sectors:1. Pollution and emissions control technologies, including fuel cells.2. New uses for gold in advanced electronics, electrical systems and devices.3. Chemical processing of a range of bulk and specialty chemicals using gold-based catalysts.4. Advanced coatings that exploit the novel properties of gold, particularly in nanoparticle form.5. New biomedical uses for gold, including medical treatments, drugs, implants, sensors and devices.Many new applications for gold are likely to emerge in these sectors over the next decade, which will lead to significant growth in demand for gold. Clearly, many of the new opportunities will be based on chemical approaches to the synthesis of useful products, rather than historical material or mechanical approaches. To turn this expectation into reality will require sustained R&D support and a determination to translate this new science and technology into viable commercial applications.
Classify by the form in which gold is used (bulk metal, nanoparticles or compounds). In addition to dental alloys, a large number of gold's properties are used in inner ear implants and stent coatings (gold's opacity to X-rays helps surgeons position the stent correctly). Gold also plays a role in targeted drug delivery through the "pharmacy on a chip" concept, where gold-coated drug microcapsules are controllably released into the body via intravenous injection. The potential antimicrobial effects previously described could have applications in coatings for catheters and wound dressing materials. For gold nanotechnology, current applications in sensing and labeling (pregnancy test kits are based on gold colloids) are being combined with emerging applications in targeted destruction of cancer cells. Gold compounds have already found use in drugs related to the treatment of arthritis, and studies now show that gold compounds can effectively treat certain types of cancer.

Applications of Gold Nanoparticles

$TEM image of branched gold nanocrystals and the corresponding electron diffraction pattern$ Li, Na, Pengxiang Zhao, and Didier Astruc. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53.7 (2014): 1756-1789.

Anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have long attracted the interest of scientists, and research in this field has greatly accelerated with the synthesis of a large number of 1D, 2D, and 3D shapes as well as hollow AuNP structures. The anisotropy of these non-spherical, hollow, and nanoshell AuNP structures is the source of plasmonic absorption in the visible region and near-infrared (NIR) region. This NIR absorption is particularly sensitive to AuNP shape and medium, and can be shifted toward the part of the NIR region where living tissue absorption is minimal. This has led to important applications in medical diagnosis and treatment, especially gold nanoshells, nanorods, hollow nanospheres, and nanocubes. In addition, gold nanowires (AuNWs) with longitudinal dimensions of tens of microns can be synthesized and can be used as plasmonic waveguides for complex optical devices. The applications of anisotropic gold nanoparticles have rapidly expanded to the fields of optics, biomedicine, and catalysis.
Adding ascorbic acid to a mixture of CTAB, silver plate, and HAuCl4 reduces the nearly colorless orange Au. The rapid addition of NaOH then induced the formation of anisotropic AuNPs, which changed color from light blue to dark red within a day. TEM images showed the formation of various shapes, including spheres, tadpole-like monopods, L-, I-, and V-shaped bipods, T-, Y-, and regular triangular tripods, and cross-shaped tetrapods. NaOH plays a role in the branching of the NPs, as the use of NaBH only produced spherical and rod-shaped AuNPs. The function of the silver plate is only to increase the yield, while the presence of Agis is detrimental. This example clearly demonstrates the use of structuring agents to form anisotropic AuNPs, but also requires sophisticated techniques to increase the yield.

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