Catalog Number
ACMA00016971
Product Name
Ethylidene dichloride
Description
1,1-dichloroethane appears as a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. Slightly soluble in water and slightly denser than water. Flash point below 70°F. Vapors denser than air. Used to make other chemicals.;COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.;Colorless, oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor.;Colorless, oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
IUPAC Name
1,1-dichloroethane
Molecular Weight
98.96g/mol
Molecular Formula
CH3CHCl2;C2H4Cl2
InChI
InChI=1S/C2H4Cl2/c1-2(3)4/h2H,1H3
InChI Key
SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point
135.1 °F at 760 mm Hg (NTP, 1992);57.4 °C;57.4 °C;57 °C;135°F;135°F
Melting Point
-143 °F (NTP, 1992);-96.9 °C;-96.93 °C;-98 °C;-143°F;-143°F
Flash Point
22 °F (NTP, 1992);-10.0 °C (14.0 °F) - closed cup;2 °F (-17 °C) (closed cup);14 °C (open cup); -8.33 °C (closed cup);22 def F /open cup/;-6 °C c.c.;22°F;2°F
Density
1.174 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999);1.175 at 20 °C/4 °C; 1.1680 at 25 °C/4 °C;Relative density (water = 1): 1.2;1.18;1.18
Solubility
less than 1 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992);0.05 M;In water, 5,040 mg/L at 25 °C;Soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils.;Soluble in acetone; very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether;Miscible with oxygenated and chlorinated solvents.;Readily soluble in all liquid chlorinated hydrocarbons and in a large variety of other organic solvents (ethers, alcohols);In water, 5,100 mg/L, temp not specified;Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.6 (poor);0.6%
Application
Ethylidene dichloride is a versatile, colorless liquid with a distinct aromatic ethereal odor and a saccharin-like taste. Its primary purpose lies in its efficacy as an extraction solvent and fumigant, as well as a solvent for paints and varnishes, and a degreaser. Though it was once utilized as a surgical anesthetic, this application was discontinued due to safety concerns, particularly the risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Notably soluble in alcohol, ether, and various oils, but sparingly in water, ethylidene dichloride exemplifies the attributes of chlorinated aliphatics, which in high concentrations can lead to central nervous system depression and respiratory or dermal irritation. Although certain animal studies have shown toxic effects, such as nephrotoxicity in cats and mice, these findings are not conclusively translatable to human health, especially since its metabolites exit the body swiftly. Therefore, its utility in industry remains significant while adhering to safety protocols.
Color/Form
Colorless, oily liquid;Colorless, neutral, mobile liquid
Corrosivity
Will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.;Corrosion rates for dry 1,1-dichloroethane are marginal but increase with water content and temperature. Aluminum is easily attacked.
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
EC Number
215-077-8;200-863-5
Heat of Vaporization
131.6 Btu/lb = 73.1 cal/g = 3.06X10+5 J/kg
Log P
1.79 (LogP);log Kow = 1.79;log Kow = 1.83 (est);1.8
MeSH Entry Terms
1,1-dichloroethane
Monoisotopic Mass
97.969005g/mol
Odor
Aromatic ethereal odor;Chloroform-like odor;Ether-like odor
Other Experimental
Percent in saturated air: 30.8 at 25 °C;Dielectric constant: 10.9 at 20 °C;Binary azeotropes are formed with 1.9% water, bp 53.3 °C (97 kPa) and with 11.5% ethanol, bp 54.6 °C (101 kPa);Heat of evaporation: 30.8 kJ/mol at 25 °C;Saturated concn in air: 986 g/cu m at 20 °C; 1,406 g/cu m at 30 °C;Liquid thermal conductivity at 35 °F: 0.804 BTU-in/hr-sq ft-deg F; saturated vapor density 0.07032 lb/cu ft at 20 °C;Solubility of water in 1,1-dichloroethane: 0.97 wt% 20 °C;Dipole moment: 2.06 debyes (gas), 2.00 debyes in benzene at 25 °C;GAS: Enthalpy of formation: -127.7 kJ/mol at 25 °C; Gibbs energy of formation: -70.8 kJ/mole at 25 °C; heat capacity: 76.2 J/mol K;LIQUID: Enthalpy of formation: -158.4 kJ/mol at 25 °C; Gibbs energy of formation: -73.8 kJ/mol at 25 °C; heat capacity: 126.3 J/mol K;Heat of melting: 1.881 kcal/mole at mp; heat of sublimation: 6.97 kcal/moel at 298 K; specific heat: 21.85 cal/K/mole at 400 K. 27.18 cal/K/mole at 600 K, 30.79 cal/K/mole at 800 K, 33.40 cal/K/mole at 1000 K;Ionization potential: 11.06 eV;Henry's Law constant = 5.62X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 24 °C;Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.74X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C;When heated to decomposition emits very toxic fumes of Cl(-);Henry's Law constant = 1.09X10-10 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est);Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.56X10-13 cu cm/molc-sec at 25 °C (est)
Refractive Index
Index of refraction: 1.4167 at 20 °C
Stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
UN Number
2362;2362;2362;2362;2362
Vapor Density
3.44 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air);3.44 (Air = 1);Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.4;3.44
Vapor Pressure
234 mm Hg at 77 °F ; 182 mm Hg at 68° F (NTP, 1992);227.30 mmHg;2.27X10+2 mm Hg at 25 °C;75.4 mm Hg at 25 °C (est);Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 24;182 mmHg at 68°F;182 mmHg
Viscosity
0.464 mPa s at 25 °C; 0.362 mPa s at 50 °C
