Copper - Materials / Alfa Chemistry

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Copper

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Catalog Number

ACMA00016031

Product Name

Copper

Category

Nanoparticles; Nanowires

Description

Reddish lustrous malleable odorless metallic solid.;DryPowder; DryPowder, OtherSolid; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals, WetSolid; DryPowder, WetSolid; Liquid; OtherSolid; OtherSolid, Liquid; PelletsLargeCrystals; PelletsLargeCrystals, OtherSolid;SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS. TURNS GREEN ON EXPOSURE TO MOIST AIR.;Reddish, lustrous, malleable, odorless solid.;Reddish, lustrous, malleable, odorless solid.

IUPAC Name

copper

Molecular Weight

63.55g/mol

Molecular Formula

Canonical SMILES

[Cu]

InChI

InChI=1S/Cu

InChI Key

RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling Point

4703 °F at 760 mm Hg (NIOSH, 2016);2595 °C;2595 °C;4703°F;4703°F

Melting Point

1981 °F (NIOSH, 2016);1083 °C;1083 °C;1981°F;1981°F

Density

8.94 (NIOSH, 2016);8.94;Relative density (water = 1): 8.9;8.94;8.94

Solubility

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2016);8.96g/mL;Slightly sol in dilute acid;Slowly soluble in ammonia water;Solubility in water: none;Insoluble

Application

Copper, a reddish-brown metal with a face-centered cubic lattice structure and a lattice constant of a=0.360775 nm at 18°C, serves as a versatile and essential material in numerous applications across various fields. It has a density of 8.92 g/cm³, Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3.0, and Brinell hardness of 43 when annealed. Known for its high electrical conductivity, copper's electrical resistivity is 1.71 microhm-cm at 25°C, making it ideal for use in electrical wiring, switches, and electrodes. Its excellent thermal conductivity and malleability extend its utility to plumbing, roofing, cooking utensils, and construction materials. Additionally, copper's insolubility in water and its ability to dissolve in specific acids like nitric acid and hot sulfuric acid give it further chemical applications. Copper's role as an activator and component of vital enzymes is crucial for the metabolism in plants and animals, highlighting its significance as a micronutrient and catalyst in biological processes. Its historical and ongoing use in alloys like bronze and brass, part of the tools and weaponry throughout human history, underscores its enduring relevance. Furthermore, copper immersion coatings, with their unique appearance and high electrical conductivity, prove particularly useful in printed circuit boards and certain decorative hardware. Overall, copper's diverse properties and extensive presence in the environment affirm its fundamental role in both industrial and biological contexts.

Color/Form

Reddish, lustrous, ductile, malleable metal;Red metal; cubic

Complexity

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count

EC Number

231-159-6

Exact Mass

62.929597g/mol

Formal Charge

Heat of Vaporization

1150 cal/g

Heavy Atom Count

ICSC Number

0240

Log P

-0.57 (calculated)

MeSH Entry Terms

Copper;Copper 63;Copper-63

Monoisotopic Mass

62.929597g/mol

Odor

Odorless /Copper dusts and mists/

Other Experimental

Lustrous, ductile, malleable metal; Mohs' hardness: 3.0; specific resistance: 1.673 microohm/cm; heat of fusion: 48.9 cal/g; heat capacity (solid): 0.092 cal/g/deg C at 20 °C, (liq): 0.112 cal/g/deg C; becomes dull when exposed to air; two naturally occurring isotopes: 63 (69.09%), 65 (30.91%); 9 artificial isotopes;Very slowly attacked by cold hydrochloric acid or dil sulfuric acid; readily by dil nitric acid, and by both not conch sulfuric acid and hydrobromic acid. It is also attacked by acetic acid and other organic acids.;COPPER FORMS TWO SERIES OF SALTS, CU(1+) AND CU(2+) BOTH VALENCE TYPES FORM COMPLEX IONS THAT ARE STABLE.;Ductile, excellent conductor of electricity. Complexing agent, coordination numbers 2 and 4. More resistant to atmospheric corrosion than iron, forming green layer of hydrated basic carbonate. Readily attacked by alkalies. Noncombustible, except as powder.;ELECTRONEGATIVITY (PAULING SCALE): 1.90;Dissolved readily in nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acids slowly, but only when exposed to the atmosphere.

Rotatable Bond Count

RTECS Number

GL5325000

Stability

BECOMES DULL WHEN EXPOSED TO AIR. IN MOIST AIR GRADUALLY BECOMES COATED WITH GREEN BASIC CARBONATE.

UNII

789U1901C5

UN Number

3089;3077

Vapor Pressure

0 mm Hg (approx) (NIOSH, 2016);1 mm Hg @ 1628 °C;0 mmHg (approx);0 mmHg (approx)

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