NAVIGATION


Copper

Catalog Number
ACMA00016031
Product Name
Copper
Category
Nanoparticles; Nanowires
Description
Reddish lustrous malleable odorless metallic solid.;DryPowder; DryPowder, OtherSolid; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals, WetSolid; DryPowder, WetSolid; Liquid; OtherSolid; OtherSolid, Liquid; PelletsLargeCrystals; PelletsLargeCrystals, OtherSolid;SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS. TURNS GREEN ON EXPOSURE TO MOIST AIR.;Reddish, lustrous, malleable, odorless solid.;Reddish, lustrous, malleable, odorless solid.
IUPAC Name
copper
Molecular Weight
63.55g/mol
Molecular Formula
Cu
Canonical SMILES
[Cu]
InChI
InChI=1S/Cu
InChI Key
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point
4703 °F at 760 mm Hg (NIOSH, 2016);2595 °C;2595 °C;4703°F;4703°F
Melting Point
1981 °F (NIOSH, 2016);1083 °C;1083 °C;1981°F;1981°F
Density
8.94 (NIOSH, 2016);8.94;Relative density (water = 1): 8.9;8.94;8.94
Solubility
Insoluble (NIOSH, 2016);8.96g/mL;Slightly sol in dilute acid;Slowly soluble in ammonia water;Solubility in water: none;Insoluble
Application
Copper, a reddish-brown metal with a face-centered cubic lattice structure and a lattice constant of a=0.360775 nm at 18°C, serves as a versatile and essential material in numerous applications across various fields. It has a density of 8.92 g/cm³, Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3.0, and Brinell hardness of 43 when annealed. Known for its high electrical conductivity, copper's electrical resistivity is 1.71 microhm-cm at 25°C, making it ideal for use in electrical wiring, switches, and electrodes. Its excellent thermal conductivity and malleability extend its utility to plumbing, roofing, cooking utensils, and construction materials. Additionally, copper's insolubility in water and its ability to dissolve in specific acids like nitric acid and hot sulfuric acid give it further chemical applications. Copper's role as an activator and component of vital enzymes is crucial for the metabolism in plants and animals, highlighting its significance as a micronutrient and catalyst in biological processes. Its historical and ongoing use in alloys like bronze and brass, part of the tools and weaponry throughout human history, underscores its enduring relevance. Furthermore, copper immersion coatings, with their unique appearance and high electrical conductivity, prove particularly useful in printed circuit boards and certain decorative hardware. Overall, copper's diverse properties and extensive presence in the environment affirm its fundamental role in both industrial and biological contexts.
Color/Form
Reddish, lustrous, ductile, malleable metal;Red metal; cubic
Complexity
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
EC Number
231-159-6
Exact Mass
62.929597g/mol
Formal Charge
0
Heat of Vaporization
1150 cal/g
Heavy Atom Count
1
ICSC Number
0240
Log P
-0.57 (calculated)
MeSH Entry Terms
Copper;Copper 63;Copper-63
Monoisotopic Mass
62.929597g/mol
Odor
Odorless /Copper dusts and mists/
Other Experimental
Lustrous, ductile, malleable metal; Mohs' hardness: 3.0; specific resistance: 1.673 microohm/cm; heat of fusion: 48.9 cal/g; heat capacity (solid): 0.092 cal/g/deg C at 20 °C, (liq): 0.112 cal/g/deg C; becomes dull when exposed to air; two naturally occurring isotopes: 63 (69.09%), 65 (30.91%); 9 artificial isotopes;Very slowly attacked by cold hydrochloric acid or dil sulfuric acid; readily by dil nitric acid, and by both not conch sulfuric acid and hydrobromic acid. It is also attacked by acetic acid and other organic acids.;COPPER FORMS TWO SERIES OF SALTS, CU(1+) AND CU(2+) BOTH VALENCE TYPES FORM COMPLEX IONS THAT ARE STABLE.;Ductile, excellent conductor of electricity. Complexing agent, coordination numbers 2 and 4. More resistant to atmospheric corrosion than iron, forming green layer of hydrated basic carbonate. Readily attacked by alkalies. Noncombustible, except as powder.;ELECTRONEGATIVITY (PAULING SCALE): 1.90;Dissolved readily in nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acids slowly, but only when exposed to the atmosphere.
Rotatable Bond Count
0
RTECS Number
GL5325000
Stability
BECOMES DULL WHEN EXPOSED TO AIR. IN MOIST AIR GRADUALLY BECOMES COATED WITH GREEN BASIC CARBONATE.
UNII
789U1901C5
UN Number
3089;3077
Vapor Pressure
0 mm Hg (approx) (NIOSH, 2016);1 mm Hg @ 1628 °C;0 mmHg (approx);0 mmHg (approx)
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