Product Name
Calcium sulfate
Category
Electrolytes; Phosphors - Phosphor Materials; Ceramic Materials
Description
Calcium sulfate appears as odorless, white powder or colorless, crystalline solid. Crystals sometimes have a blue, gray or reddish tinge or can be brick red. Density: 2.96 g cm-3.;DryPowder; DryPowder, OtherSolid; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals; Liquid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals; PelletsLargeCrystals, Liquid; WetSolid;Fine, white to slightly yellowish-white odourless powder;WHITE HYGROSCOPIC POWDER OR CRYSTALLINE POWDER.;Odorless, white powder or colorless, crystalline solid.;Odorless, white powder or colorless, crystalline solid. [Note: May have blue, gray, or reddish tinge.]
IUPAC Name
Calcium;sulfate
Canonical SMILES
[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]
InChI
InChI=1S/Ca.H₂O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
InChI Key
OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Boiling Point
Decomposes (NIOSH, 2016);Decomposes;Decomposes
Solubility
Soluble in water
Application
Calcium sulfate serves multiple purposes across various industries due to its versatile properties. Available as both anhydrous and dihydrate forms, it is derived through processes involving gypsum. In its anhydrous form, it contains about 29% calcium, while the dihydrate form contains approximately 23%. In the food industry, calcium sulfate is commonly used as a filler and in baking powder standardization. It acts as a firming agent in canned vegetables such as potatoes and carrots, and enhances dough quality by providing calcium ions which prevent stickiness and improve bread texture. Additionally, it helps in producing dryness and stiffness in soft-serve ice cream and forms dessert gels when reacting with alginates. Its role as a calcium source makes it integral in food enrichment processes. Beyond food applications, calcium sulfate is utilized in cements, tiles, and plaster, serves as a soil conditioner, and is involved in the production of paints, dyes, and polishes. It is also a byproduct of numerous chemical reactions, further broadening its industrial utility. Notably, calcium sulfate is used in traditional blackboard chalk and is recognized as a calcium salt with a distinct grayish-white, dense powder appearance.
Color/Form
NATURAL ANHYDRITE CRYSTALS ARE COLORLESS, RHOMBIC OR MONOCLINIC;NATURAL ANHYDRITE CRYSTALS ARE ORTHORHOMBIC, COLOR VARIES (WHITE WITH BLUE, GRAY OR REDDISH TINGE, OR BRICK RED);INSOL ANHYDRITE HAS SAME CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AS MINERAL ANHYDRITE;SOL ANHYDRITE IS OBTAINED IN GRANULAR OR POWDER FORM;SOL ANHYDRITE CRYSTALS ARE COLORLESS, HEXAGONAL OR TRICLINIC;PURE ANHYDROUS CALCIUM SULFATE EXISTS IN FORM OF WHITE POWDER OR CRYSTALS;White powder or colorless, crystalline solid [Note: May have blue, gray, or reddish tinge].
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
2
EC Number
231-900-3;231-900-3
MeSH Entry Terms
Alabaster;Anhydrous Sulfate of Lime;Artificial Dental Stone;Calcium Sulfate;Calcium Sulfate (1:1), Dihydrate;Calcium Sulfate (1:1), Hemihydrate;Calcium Sulfate (2:1);Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate;Calcium Sulfate, Anhydrous;Calcium Sulfate, Dihydrate;Calcium Sulfate, Hemihydrate;Calcium Sulphate;Dental Gypsum;Dental Stone, Artificial;Drierite;Gypsite;Gypsum;Gypsum, Dental;Karstenite;Plaster of Paris;Stone, Artificial Dental
Monoisotopic Mass
135.9143205
Other Experimental
POSSESSES HIGH AFFINITY FOR WATER & WILL ABSORB 6.6% OF ITS WT OF WATER FORMING STABLE HEMIHYDRATE /SOL ANHYDRITE/;LOSES 1/2 H₂O AT 163 °C /HALF-HYDRATE/;TASTELESS; SETS TO HARD MASS WHEN MIXED WITH WATER /HEMIHYDRATE/;NEITHER ANHYDROUS NOR DIHYDRATE FORMS CAN SET WITH WATER;WHITE POWDER /HALF-HYDRATE/;COLORLESS MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS /DIHYDRATE/;LUMPS OR POWDER /DIHYDRATE/;0.3 G/100 CC H₂O AT 20 °C; SOL IN ACIDS, AMMONIUM SALTS & GLYCERIN; SLIGHTLY SOL IN HOT WATER /HALF-HYDRATE/;VERY SOL IN GLYCEROL; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN MOST ORG SOLVENTS /DIHYDRATE/;SOL IN SODIUM THIOSULFATE; INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.505, 1.548; DENSITY 2.61; MP ABOVE 200 °C WITH TRANSITION TO RHOMBIC CRYSTALS /SOL ANHYDRITE/;INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.521, 1.523, 1.530; LOSES 1/2 H₂O AT 128 °C & 2 H₂O AT 163 °C /DIHYDRATE/;Solubility in water at 20 °C, g/100 g solution: 0.21 /Dihydrate/;Solubility in water at 20 °C, g/100 g solution: 0.67 /Hemihydrate, alpha-form/;Solubility in water at 20 °C, g/100 g solution: 0.88 /Hemihydrate, beta-form/;Solubility in water at 20 °C, g/100 g solution: 0.27 /Anhydrite/
Refractive Index
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.569, 1.575, 1.613
Stability
Stable. Incompatible with aluminium, strong acids.
Storage Conditions
Store at RT.
Topological Polar Surface Area
88.6 Ų
Vapor Pressure
0 mm Hg (approx) (NIOSH, 2016);0 mmHg (approx);0 mmHg (approx)
