NAVIGATION
Kim, Jun Hee, et al. Nano convergence, 2018, 5(1), 1-13.
Boron and nitrogen atoms are arranged in a hexagonal network in boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Ball milling is an efficient way to synthesize BNNTs from boron powder on a low-cost industrial scale. This method stimulates the direct reaction of boron and nitrogen under ambient conditions by introducing defects or amorphous structures into the boron starting powder.
Synthetic strategies from boron powder to BNNTs
· Boron powder is ball milled in NH3 gas for 150 hours and then isothermally annealed in N2 atmosphere at 1000-1200 °C. Long grinding times can promote the nitration process between boron and NH3, leading to the formation of increased nucleation structures, thus promoting the formation of BNNTs.
· In addition, the growth of BNNTs can also be achieved by catalyzing the surface coating of amorphous boron on iron particles. The crystalline boron powder transforms into an amorphous structure covering the surface iron particles, which then initiates the growth of BNNTs during the annealing stage.
Ma, Kang, et al. Thermochimica Acta, 2022, 718, 179368.
Boron (B) powder has very high energy density and is commonly used as an additive to solid propellants. However, due to its high melting point and the existence of surface oxide film, boron powder is difficult to ignite and burns incompletely. A variety of additives have been studied to modify the combustion characteristics of boron powder, such as metal powders, nickel (Ni) nanoparticles, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), and ammonium perchlorate (AP).
Modification strategies for boron powder
· Metal powders such as iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and magnesium (Mg) can be used as effective additives and can also improve the ignition and combustion of B powder. For example, Mg has a low ignition temperature and can react with B2O3 at high temperatures to accelerate the ignition of B powder, thereby increasing the combustion temperature.
· Introducing Ni nanoparticles into boron powder can improve the ignition and combustion of boron powder by forming nickel-modified boron-based complexes (B/Ni). In addition, nickel nanoparticles can also change the reaction path of B through selective oxidation and promote the oxidation reaction of B.
· GAP and AP additives can release a large amount of heat during the combustion process, heating and evaporating the B2O3 film covered on the boron surface, thereby improving the ignition and combustion performance of boron particles.
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