Boron - Materials / Alfa Chemistry

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Boron

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Catalog Number

ACMA00014304

Product Name

Boron

Category

Glass Additives

Description

DryPowder; OtherSolid

IUPAC Name

boron

Molecular Weight

10.81g/mol

Molecular Formula

Canonical SMILES

[B]

InChI

InChI=1S/B

InChI Key

ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling Point

4,000 °C

Melting Point

2,075 °C

Purity

99.9 %

Density

Amorphous, 2.350 g/cu cm; alpha-rhombohedral, 2.46 g/cu cm; alpha-tetragonal, 2.31 g/cu cm; beta-rhombohedral, 2.35 g/cu cm

Solubility

Insoluble in water; unaffected by aqueous hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids; when finely divided it is soluble in boiling nitric and sulfuric acids and in molten metals such as copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium; reacts vigorously with fused sodium peroxide or with a fusion mixture of sodium carbonate or potassium nitrate;Soluble in concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids; insoluble in water, alcohol, ether

Application

Boron serves multiple valuable purposes across various industries due to its unique properties. It is commonly used to enhance the hardness and strength of metals, serving as a crucial element in composites and high-strength materials used in aerospace construction, sporting equipment like golf clubs and fishing rods, and other applications requiring lightweight but robust components. In the field of pyrotechnics, amorphous boron is employed to create distinctive green flares. In healthcare and technology, boron is a key component in the creation of neodymium magnets used in MRI machines, cell phones, and optical media devices. Furthermore, boron plays a significant role in glass manufacturing, particularly in producing borosilicate glass known for its exceptional thermal resistance. It is also used in semiconductors and as a catalyst in chemical reactions such as olefin polymerization and alcohol dehydration. In agriculture, boron is an essential micronutrient for plants, influencing growth and development, while in other manufacturing processes, boron compounds find application in producing insulating fiberglass, bleach, adhesives, and even in constructing bulletproof vests and tank armor. Boron's interaction with various nutrients enhances its utility in fertilizers, making it crucial for plant health and crop yield.

Average Particle Size

80 nm

Color/Form

Polymorphic: alpha-rhombohedral form, clear red crystals; beta-rhombohedral form, black; alpha-tetragonal form, black, opaque crystals with metallic luster; amorphous form, black or dark brown powder; other crystal forms are known but not entirely characterized;Filaments, powder, whiskers, single crystals

Complexity

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count

EC Number

231-151-2

Exact Mass

11.009305g/mol

Formal Charge

Heavy Atom Count

MeSH Entry Terms

Boron;Boron 11;Boron-11

Monoisotopic Mass

11.009305g/mol

Other Experimental

Atomic number 5; naturally-occurring isotopes: 10,11; three short-lived artificial isotopes: 8,12, 13;Alpha-rhombohedral form, 12 atoms/unit cell; beta-rhombohedral form, 105 atoms/unit cell; alpha-tetragonal form, 50 atoms/unit cell;The alpha-rhombohedral form of boron is the simplest crystal structure with slightly deformed cubic close packing, which degrades at 1200 °C and at 1500 it converts to beta-rhombohedral boron, which is the most thermodynamically stable form.;Crystalline boron is very inert. Low purity, higher temperature, and changes in or lack of crystallinity all increase the chemical reactivity.;Boron exists naturally as (10)B (19.9%) and (11)B (80.1%); ten other isotopes of boron are known;Amorphous form, heat capacity: 2.858 cal/g-atom/deg C at 25 °C; beta-rhombohedral form, heat capacity: 2.650 cal/g-atom/deg C at 25 °C;Feeble conductor of electricity at room temperature, good conductor at high temperature; self limiting reaction with oxygen due to formation of boric oxide film; oxide coating evaporates above 1000 °C; crystals are almost as hard as diamond; reacts with fluorine at room temperature;Energy band gap of 1.50-1.56 eV; transmits portions of the infrared;High neutron absorption capacity; amphoteric; Mohs hardness, 9.3

Rotatable Bond Count

Stability

Fairly stable at normal temperature.

UNII

N9E3X5056Q

Vapor Pressure

1.56X10-5 atm (0.0119 mm Hg) at 2140 °C

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