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Ammonium sulfate

Catalog Number
ACM7783202
CAS Number
7783-20-2
Product Name
Ammonium sulfate
Structure
Category
Salt; Electrolytes
Synonyms
Diammonium sulfate
Description
Ammonium sulfate is a white odorless solid. Sinks and dissolves in water. (USCG, 1999);DryPowder; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals, Liquid; Liquid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals; PelletsLargeCrystals, Liquid; WetSolid;White powder, shining plates or crystalline fragments
IUPAC Name
Diazanium;sulfate
Molecular Weight
132.14
Molecular Formula
(NH4)2SO4;(NH4)2SO4;H8N2O4S
Canonical SMILES
[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]
InChI
InChI=1S/2H3N.H₂O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)
InChI Key
BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point
>280 °C
Flash Point
26°C
Purity
99%+
Density
1.77 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Solubility
Freely soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol
Appearance
Yellow to orange solid
Application
Ammonium sulfate, represented by the formula \((NH_4)_2SO_4\), is a versatile compound primarily purposed as a nitrogenous fertilizer, holding approximately 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur. Its stability and low hygroscopicity make it a preferred choice for agricultural applications, particularly in soils with neutral to alkaline pH, where it effectively counters high calcium levels and soil alkalinity. As a slow-releasing fertilizer, ammonium sulfate provides a steady supply of nitrogen throughout the growing season, making it highly effective for crops such as wheat, corn, rice, and potatoes. Besides its role in agriculture, ammonium sulfate is utilized in the manufacture of various chemicals, flameproofing materials, and as a component in microbiological culture media. Commercial production has evolved from traditional ammonia and sulfuric acid reactions to utilizing by-products from industrial activities like steel production and sulfuric acid desulfurization. While advantageous for its agronomic effectiveness and application on suitable soils, ammonium sulfate's use requires careful consideration due to its potential soil acidification effects and relatively lower nitrogen content compared to alternative fertilizers.
Storage
Room Temperature
Color/Form
White or brown orthorhombic crystals;Orthorhombic crystals or white granules;Brownish gray to white crystals according to degree of purity
Complexity
62.2
Corrosivity
Does not attack iron or aluminum /Ammoniacal solutions/
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
3
EC Number
231-984-1;231-984-1;269-077-8
Exact Mass
132.02047791
Formal Charge
0
Hazard Statements
Xi,Xn
Heavy Atom Count
7
MeSH Entry Terms
Ammonium Sulfate;Sulfate, Ammonium
Monoisotopic Mass
132.02047791
Odor
Slight odor of ammonia
Other Experimental
Average specific heat capacity: 1.423 J/g-K at 2-55 °C; heat of solution on dissolution of 1 mol in 400 mol water: +9.92 kJ at 18 °C; integral heat of solution: +6.57 kJ/mol at 30 °C; differential heat of solution for saturated solution: +6.07 kJ/mol at 30 °C; deliquesces above 80% relative humidity;Decomposes above 280 °C
Refractive Index
Index of refraction: 1.521, 1.523, 1.533
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Safety Description
37/39-26-36
Stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Supplemental Hazard Statements
H412-H303
Topological Polar Surface Area
90.6 Ų
UNII
SU46BAM238
Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure of saturated solution: 0.901 kPa at 10 °C; 1.319 kPa at 15 °C; 1.871 kPa at 20 °C; 2.573 kPa at 25 °C; 3.439 kPa at 30 °C; 4.474 kPa at 35 °C
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