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2PACz

Product Name: 2PACz, (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid
Catalog Number: ALCM20999386
CAS Number: 20999-38-6

Product Description

Chemical Structure of 2PACz

2PACz, short for 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl phosphonic acid, is a benchmark molecule in the development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for next-generation optoelectronic applications. It features a π-conjugated carbazole core and a phosphonic acid anchoring group, enabling spontaneous and robust attachment to ITO (indium tin oxide) substrates via strong interfacial interactions.

Once deposited, 2PACz forms uniform monolayers or few-layer structures that effectively tune surface energetics and enhance interfacial contact quality. Its excellent alignment with the valence band of perovskite absorbers leads to reduced interfacial recombination, improved charge extraction, and enhanced operational stability.

This material serves as a high-performance alternative to conventional hole transport layers (HTLs), such as PEDOT:PSS and PTAA, particularly in p–i–n perovskite solar cells and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based organic photovoltaics (OPVs).

Key Advantages

Precision Interface Engineering: Effectively modifies the work function of ITO, facilitating optimal energy-level alignment and efficient hole extraction.
Minimized Non-Radiative Losses: Suppresses interfacial trap-assisted recombination, enhancing open-circuit voltage and fill factor.
Solution Processable: Compatible with simple spin-coating methods using low-concentration solutions in ethanol, methanol, IPA, THF, or DMF.
Morphological Control: Promotes vertical phase separation in active layers, enhancing carrier mobility and reducing leakage currents.
Superior to PEDOT:PSS: Offers better chemical stability, lower defect density, and improved device longevity.

Product Information

Item	Details
CAS Number	20999-38-6
Catalog Number	ALCM20999386
Synonyms	(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid
Chemical Formula	C14H14NO3P
Molecular Weight	275.24 g/mol
Purity	> 98% (¹H NMR)
Appearance	Off-white powder or crystals
HOMO / LUMO	HOMO = 5.6 eV, LUMO = 2.1 eV
Absorption	λmax = 340 nm (on ITO glass)
Fluorescence	Not available