Catalog Number
ACMA00014401
Category
Glass Additives; Polymers
Description
White TIN is an almost silver-white, ductile, malleable, lustrous solid. mp 232° C, bp: 2507°C. Density: 7.3 g/cm³. Pure white tin becomes non-metallic powdery gray tin if held for a sustained period at temperatures less than 13°C.;DryPowder; DryPowder, OtherSolid; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals, OtherSolid; OtherSolid; OtherSolid, Liquid;WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER.;Gray to almost silver-white, ductile, malleable, lustrous solid.;Appearance and odor vary depending upon the specific organotin compound.;Gray to almost silver-white, ductile, malleable, lustrous solid.
Molecular Weight
118.71g/mol
InChI Key
ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point
4545 °F at 760 mm Hg (NIOSH, 2016);2507 °C;2260 °C;4545°F;4545°F
Melting Point
449 °F (NIOSH, 2016);231.9 °C;231.9 °C;449°F;449°F
Density
7.28 (NIOSH, 2016);7.265 (white); 5.769 (gray);7.2 g/cm³;7.28;7.28
Solubility
Insoluble (NIOSH, 2016);SOL IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SULFURIC ACID, AQUA REGIA, ALKALI; SLIGHTLY SOL IN DIL NITRIC ACID; INSOL IN WATER;Solubility in water: none;Insoluble
Application
Tin is a versatile metal, distinguished by its gray to silver-white, lustrous appearance and notable for its ductility and malleability. It serves a crucial role in various industries, primarily through tin plating and the manufacturing of food, beverage, and aerosol containers. Tin is also a key component in soldering alloys, type metals, and the creation of tin salts, which are used in diverse applications. Its significance extends to the production of pewter and its use as a coating for copper wire, enhancing both appearance and corrosion resistance. Tin's alloys find applications in dental materials and components for nuclear reactors, aircraft, and bell metals. Despite its low natural abundance, tin's historical importance is rooted in early bronze age civilizations, where it was used to produce bronze by alloying with copper. Today, tin is obtained by reducing tin oxide with carbon and is recyclable through processes like chlorination and electrolysis. Its unique properties, including the formation of a protective oxide film at ordinary temperatures, make it invaluable in corrosion-resistant coatings for various containers and industrial items. Additionally, tin's reactivity with halogens and acids illustrates its complex chemistry and reinforces its utility as a reducing agent in laboratories and a stable constituent in a multitude of industrial applications.
Color/Form
Cubic (gray); tetragonal (white); rhomboidal (tin brittle);Almost silver-white, lustrous soft, very malleable & ductile metal; only slightly tenacious; easily powdered; when bent emits crackling "tin cry"; brittle @ 200 °C; brinell hardness 2.9; at -40 °C crumbles to gray amorphous powder (gray tin); slowly changes back above 20 °C to white tin
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Exact Mass
119.902202g/mol
Heat of Vaporization
296.4 kJ/mol
MeSH Entry Terms
Stannum;Tin
Monoisotopic Mass
119.902202g/mol
Other Experimental
NATURALLY OCCURRING ISOTOPES: 112 (0.95%); 114 (0.65%); 115 (0.34%); 116 (14.24%); 117 (7.57%); 118 (24.01%); 119 (8.59%); 120 (32.97%); 122 (4.71%); 124 (5.98%);Tin has two allotropic forms at normal pressure; resists distilled, sea and soft tap water; oxygen in soln accelerates attack; when heated in air, tin oxide forms;Heat of fusion: 7.03 kJ/mol /white tin/;Specific Heat: 27.0 J/mol-K (white); 25.8 J/mol-K (grey) @ 25 °C;Thermal conductivity: 0.64 watts/cm °C @ 25 °C, 760 mm Hg;Transformation temp: (beta in equilibrium with alpha) 13.2 °C;Specific heat: 222 J/kg K @ 20 °C;Latent heat of fusion: 7.08 kJ/(g atom);Thermal conductivity: 65 W/m K @ 20 °C;Coefficient of linear expansion: 19.9X10-6 @ 0 °C; 23.8X10-6 @ 100 °C;Shrinkage on solidification: 2.8%;Resistivity of white tin: 11.0 u-Ohm cm @ 0 °C; 15.5 u-Ohm cm @ 100 °C; 20.0 u-Ohm cm @ 200 °C; 22.0 u-Ohm cm @ mp (solid); 45.0 u-Ohm cm @ mp (liquid);Volume conductivity: 15% IACS;Tensile strength, as cast: 14.5 MPa @ 15 °C; 4.5 Mpa @ 200 °C; 20.0 MPa @ -40 °C; 87.5 MPa @ -120 °C
Stability
STABLE IN AIR, BUT WHEN IN POWDER FORM IT OXIDIZES, ESP IN PRESENCE OF MOISTURE;stablilizes <18 °C
Vapor Pressure
0 mm Hg (approx) (NIOSH, 2016);1 Pa @ 1224 °C;0 mmHg (approx);0 mmHg (approx)
Viscosity
1.85 mPa-s (=cP)@ 240 °C (MP)
